The US was the target of 317 Anti-Dumping investigations, 24 Anti-subsidy investigations and 408 Safeguard investigation from 1995 onwards until the end of 2021. As a Safeguard case applies against all countries equally on MFN basis, it may be understood that all of these cases also target the US, however, not all products may be economic relevant to the US. Details of investigations initiated and measures imposed can be found in the table below:

 

Table 1: Trade remedy investigations against the US (1995-2021)

	Anti-dumping investigation	Anti-subsidy Investigation	Safeguard investigation	Total
Initiated an investigation	317	24	408	749
Imposed measures	199	12	206	417

Source: WTO data

 

According to WTO statistics, the US’s products of chemical industries are the group that subject to the most trade remedy measures with a total of 88 impositions (including 91 anti-dumping measures, 3 anti-subsidy measure and 36 safeguard measures). Other US’s exports such as chemical products; plastics, rubber; textiles; machinery and electrical equipments are also frequently investigated and imposed trade remedy measures (Details can be found in the table below).

 

 Table 2: Top US’s export products subject to the most trade remedy measures (1995-2021) 

Items/Products	Anti-dumping measures	Anti-Subsidy measures	Safeguard Measures	Total
Products of the chemical and allied industries	91	3	36	130
Base metals and articles	19	1	54	74
Resins, plastics and articles; rubber and articles	34	0	7	41
Prepared foodstuff; beverages, spirits, vinegar; tobacco	4	3	17	24
Machinery and electrical equipment	8	0	13	21
Textiles and articles	4	0	17	21
Articles of stone, plaster; ceramic prod.; glass	5	0	15	20
Paper, paperboard and articles	12	0	6	18
Live animals and products	6	2	9	17
Vegetable products	3	0	14	17
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	13	3	18	34
Total	199	12	206	417

Source: WTO data

 

When US’s exports face a trade remedy investigation, the Enforcement and Compliance’s Office of Policy, through its Trade Remedy Compliance Staff (TRCS), assists US exporters in trade remedies investigation procedures. TRCS will help manufacturers and exporters interpret the investigation process, access foreign investigative documents, address concerns with foreign governments, and advocate for the fair and objective treatment of affected parties of the United States.

 

Source: Center for WTO and International Trade