To take advantage of international market opening and globalization, Canada also promotes exports to other countries, however, Canadian exports also face trade remedy investigations by other countries.

 

In total, Canada was the target of 53 Anti-dumping investigations, 14 Anti-subsidy investigations and 408 Safeguard investigations in the period 1995-2022. Although Canada is not one of the countries that are initiated and imposed the most trade remedy measures in the world, the number of cases is not small. Details of the number of initiations and impositions against Canada can be found in the table below:

 

Table 1: Trade remedy investigations against Canada (1995-2022)

	Anti-dumping	Anti-subsidy	Safeguard	Total
Number of initiated investigations	53	14	408	475
Number of imposed measures	27	6	207	240

 

Source: WTO statistics

 

According to WTO statistics, base metals from Canada is the group subject to the most trade remedy duties with a total of 66 investigations (of which 10 are subject to anti-dumping measures, 2 anti-subsidy measures and 54 safeguard measures). Other Canadian exports such as chemical products; textiles; processed foods… are also subject to frequent trade remedies measures (Details can be found in Table below).

 

Table 2: Top sectors of Canada subject to the most trade remedy measures (1995-2022)

Sectors	Anti-dumping	Anti-subsidy	Safeguard	Total
Base metals and articles of base metal	10	2	54	66
Products of the chemical or allied industries	6	0	36	42
Textiles and textile articles	0	0	17	17
Prepared foodstuffs; Beverages, spirits, vinegar; Tobacco	0	0	17	17
Vegetable products	0	1	14	15
Articles of stone or similar materials; Ceramic products; Glass and glassware	0	0	15	15
Machinery and mechanical appliances	0	0	13	13
Pulp of wood; Paper and paperboard and articles thereof	5	1	6	12
Wood and articles of wood; Charcoal; Cork; Straw; Basketware and wickerwork	3	2	3	8
Others	3	0	32	35
Total	27	6	207	240

 

Source: WTO statistics

 

Source: Center for WTO and International Trade - VCCI